颈椎损伤后为什么易得颈椎病？

有较多的颈椎病患者，尤其是年轻患者，在追问病史时，一般都可以发现患者曾有过不同程度的头颈部外伤史。有人曾调查过数千名颈椎病患者，发现具有明显头颈部外伤史的超过半数。显然，头颈部的外伤与颈椎病的发生和发展有相当密切的关系。颈椎病患者为什么会出现一些特别症状？

头颈部的外伤除了可以造成骨折、脱位、脊髓损伤甚至四肢瘫痪等较为严重损伤外，尚可造成急性髓核突出、前纵韧带损伤，或由于颈椎局部肌肉、韧带、椎间盘损伤造成的颈椎椎节不稳等病理性损伤。在这些损作的痊愈过程中，由于血肿、炎性渗出物的纤维化、机化，或是骨折后骨痂的形成，都可在不同程度上导致椎间盘弹性降低、间隙变窄，颈椎小关节，尤其是钩椎关节、后关节等处骨质增生，黄韧带等支持组织也可退变、增生、钙化，甚至可形成永久性的椎间孔狭窄、椎管狭窄。这些外伤后的退行性改变可刺激、压迫相邻的脊髓、神经根和椎动脉，从而产生颈椎病的临床症状。

易演变为颈椎病的头颈部外伤可由许多原因引起。随着现代化程度的不断提高，交通意外一般为首发因素。除了车祸所致颈椎骨折外，高速行驶的车辆突然刹车可造成“挥鞭样”颈椎、颈部脊髓损伤。体育运动锻炼和军事训练中因过大负荷或不适当适动也可导致椎损伤，如足球运动中的头顶球、游泳中的跳水等，均可加重颈椎负荷而致损伤。所以在日常生活和工作中，注意头颈部的防护，防止潜在性的危险是极为必要的，例如，机动车高速行驶时要系好安全带，老实巴交动前作好充分的准备活动等等，均可避免或减轻头颈部的损伤。

至少头颈部损伤后间隔多少时间可致颈椎病，病情严重的程度如何，则要看头颈部外伤的部位、严重与否，以及恢复的程度等状况而定。一般来说，对头颈部外伤后及时准确的诊断和治疗可在一定程度上对预防外伤性颈椎病有一定的帮助。

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