颈椎病的物理疗法有哪些?

所谓物理疗法,就是上应用自然界和人工的各种物理因素,如声、光、电、热磁等,以达到治疗和预防疾病目的方法。它在颈椎病的非手术疗法中占有相当的地位。物理疗法可选择的种类较多,并可根据颈椎病的不同型、不同时期、采用不同的物理因子。例如颈部的干扰电疗、音频电疗、直流电离子导入、超声波、红外线、泉州光和蜡疗等,对改善颈部的血液循环、止痛、消除神经根的炎症水肿及缓解粘连均起积极作用。

颈椎病治疗的常用特理方法有:

(1)离子导入疗法:是一种利用直流电场作用的电荷同性相斥、异性相吸的特性,将各种中西药物(普鲁卡因、碘化钾、威灵仙、陈醋等)作用于颈部以治疗颈椎病的特理疗法。该疗法一般每日1次,每次15~20分钟,15~20次为一疗程。

(2)中药电熨疗法:是一种在以袪风散寒、活血通经为主的中药热敷基础上,再叠加上直流电或低频脉冲电流治疗颈椎病的方法。它兼有中药熏蒸、温热疗法和低频电疗法的共同治疗作用,故有较好的止痛、消炎、改善神经、关节和肌肉功能状态的治疗效果,对神经根型、颈型效果明显。治疗每日1次,每次15~30分钟,15~20次为一疗程。

(3)间动电流疗法:将电极置于颈一肩、臂痛点处,使用间升或疏密波可对症止痛;置于颈交感神经节处,使用密波,对椎动脉型及有交感神经症状者的效果较好。

(4)感应电疗法:以脉冲方式或配以离子导入等方法作用于颈背部肌肉,提高肌张力,加强肌力,可使肌力,可使长期、反复发作所致颈背肌力减弱的患者得到恢复。

(5)超刺激疗法:以波宽2毫秒,频率约100赫兹的方形波,用患者可耐受的最大电流作用于颈椎部位,称为超刺激疗法。其作用类似间动电流,因电流强度刺激性大,故止痛活血效果明显而迅速。

(6)无痛精针刀疗法(小针刀疗法):主要解除因肌肉痉挛、粘连对血管神经的刺激压迫,达到恢复颈部的正常生理功能。适用于颈型、椎动脉型及神经根型颈椎病。颈椎病临床表现复杂,涉及的肌肉肌腱多,治疗各异。

(7)高频电疗法:目前常用的有超短波、短波、微波等方法,利用深部电热作用使位于椎管、椎间孔、横突间孔内的脊髓、神经根、椎动脉等组织血液供应改善,以利于受刺激、压迫的脊髓、神经根等组织恢复,对脊髓型和椎动脉型疗效较好。

(8)超声波疗法:在温热疗法的基础上,用接触移动法,将超声波控头作用于颈后及两侧颈部,对颈型和脊髓型患者有效。

《颈椎病的物理疗法有哪些?》有1,233个想法

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