睡眠太少会引发多种疾病吗？

科学家比较一致的看法是，睡眠是让大脑和小脑休息的。动物需要睡觉，而没大脑的植物不睡觉；人体的有些器官，比如肝脏，是不休息的。这表明睡眠是整个脑部特有的现象，至少慢波睡眠可以使脑部修补自由基所造成的损害，自由基是新陈代谢的副产物，可损伤人体细胞。其队器官可以通过放弃和替换受损细胞来修补这种损害，但脑无法这样做，只能让人进入睡眠状态，尤其是慢波睡眠状态，人体组织才能利用这段难得的“闲暇时间”进行“抢修”作业。那么快波睡眠又有什么作用呢？有些研究者提出，这是脑部在进入慢波睡眠之前所做的“准备动作”和“整理动作”，是对慢波睡眠的补充。可是也有研究者不同意这种看法，认为快波睡眠可能与早期脑部发育有关，但持这种观点的科学家还没有找到令人信服的证据。

每个人需要睡眠的时间长短依赖于多种因素，包括年龄。对大部分成年人来说，每晚7～8个小时是最佳睡眠时间，当然，有些人可能睡得时间少一些，每晚只需5个小时，而另有一些人则可能长一些，每天多达10个小时。如果一个人在前几天缺觉的话，那么他或她需要的睡眠时间也会增加。

睡眠太少就会造成“睡眠债务”，就跟在银行里透支一样，最终，你的身体将要求这个债务一定要偿还。我们似乎不能适应睡眠时间比需要的时间要少，即使我们可能习惯了减少睡眠的日常工作安排，但我们的判断力、反应能力以及其他官能仍会被削弱。

人们变老后，尽管他们所需的睡眠时间与青壮年所需的睡眠时间一样多，但他们的睡眠会更“浅”，而且时间跨度也更小。也就是说，每一觉的时间少了。差不多有一半的65岁以上的老人经常面临睡眠问题，比如失眠等，而许多年纪大的人的慢波睡眠阶段经常变得非常短，或者完全没有，这种变化对老年人来说是正常的，或者是因为老年人普遍存在着健康问题引起的，或者由于对这些健康问题进行治疗而引起的。

几乎所有精神失调的人都有睡眠方面的问题，比如心情沮丧的人经常在凌晨时醒来，而且无法再入眠，可能会导致进入精神疾病的偏执狂和幻觉阶段，而中断睡眠则会引发躁狂抑郁症患者的癫狂（兴奋和极度活跃）。

有其他身体机能紊乱的人，包括阿尔海默症、中风、癌症和头部受伤等，也经常发生睡眠问题。这些睡眠问题发生在脑区和控制睡眠的神经传递素发生变化时，或者由于服用控制其他紊乱症状的药物时发生。一旦发生睡眠问题，就有可能损害人的健康，或者引发混乱、挫折、沮丧等情绪。不能睡眠的病人会更注意身上的疼痛，也许会增加止疼药的服用量。

如果你在白天感到昏昏欲睡，这说明你没有得到足够的睡眠。如果你躺下5分钟后就睡着了，说明你也许严重缺乏睡眠。醒着时有时会出现短暂的昏睡（尤指失去正常睡眠者的阵发性昏睡，通常仅持续1～10秒钟）或者很短的睡眠现象，这也是缺乏睡眠的另一个标志。在许多情况下，人们不知道自己经历过短暂的昏睡现象。现在的人们普遍有一种“滥耗精力”的习惯，这会让人们极度缺乏睡眠。睡眠不足与不睡觉一样伤害大吗？

缺乏睡眠是危险的。用驾驶模拟器或者进行手眼协调工作进行试验，结果发现，缺乏睡眠的人与喝醉了酒的人表现一样差，甚至是更差。缺乏睡眠还会增加酒精对身体的伤害作用，所以，一个疲劳的人喝酒的话会比休息好的人喝酒更有害。

《睡眠太少会引发多种疾病吗？》有1,297个想法

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